Sunday, July 01, 2007

空关系有没有自反性?

空关系有反自反性、对称性、反对称性、传递性,唯独没有自反性,为什么?

来,让我们先温习一下基本定义,

二元关系的定义:

如果一个集合满足以下条件之一:

1)集合非空,且它的元素都是有序对;

2)集合是空集;

则该集合为一个二元关系。

设A、B是集合,AxB的任何子集所定义的二元关系叫做从A到B的二元关系;特别的,当A=B时叫做A上的二元关系。

 

空关系的定义:

对于任何集合A,空集是AxA的子集,叫做A上的空关系。

 

自反性的定义:

若∀x(x∈A-><x,x>∈R),则称R在A上是自反的。

 

对称性的定义:

若∀x∀y(x,y∈A∧<x,y>∈R-><y,x>∈R),则称R为A上的对称的关系。

 

对于对称关系,我们很容易用定义验证空关系是否符合,即,蕴含式前件为“假”,真值为“真”,所以空关系有对称性。反对称性、传递性证明类似。

 

对于自反性,我们可能会想当然的认为,与对称性的情况类似,所以也有自反性,可是教材上就偏偏没有说空关系也是自反的,这是为什么?

答案在这里,∀x(x∈A)这个谓词公式可以用UI规则消去全称量词∀x,那么它的真值就是“真”了,它是自反性的定义中蕴含式的前件。现在前件是真了,后件却是永假的(R是空关系,当然不会有<x,x>∈R),所以空关系不是自反的。

Tuesday, June 05, 2007

胃终于不痛了。。。

搞不清楚是什么方法解决了胃痛,这个莫名的,顽固的病状。

试了太多方法,当它不再痛时却发现不能确定是哪个疗法解决掉了胃痛。

 

一个月以来,胃痛不止,没到一日三餐的时间,甚至离三餐时间还早一小时就会感到胃痛。开始以为是饥饿所致,遂提早吃饭或临时加餐,但效果不佳,反而愈烈起来。怀疑胃寒,大量食用姜、孜然,据网上偏方说比较有效,同时注意饮食睡眠的规律性,初见效果,但不持久,亦不明显。一直有早上喝奶的习惯,听说早晨空腹喝奶对胃不好,一直没有在意过,现在决定,把早晨的奶换成面条。增加了食物的多样性,以避免食物单一造成胃酸过多。

 

经过一个多月的调理,本周,终于发现胃不痛了。

想来想去,嗯,只能说全部这些疗法,治愈了我的胃痛,工夫没有白费。

Saturday, June 02, 2007

原创姜丝肉

琢磨着弄点肉吃...

 

超市里转转,割了一坨肉回来,决定废物利用一下那块老姜。

 

把肉冻了,然后切了,细丝,费了我好多工夫。

切了姜丝,葱末,再想想,还有一根快要干瘪的尖辣椒,也切成丝,待用。

还有啥,废旧物品?一堆调味用的干红辣椒,嗯,取来N<5根,切了,待用。

 

油入锅,大火,下红干辣椒,爆炒N<30秒,下姜丝和肉丝,爆炒到肉8分熟,加尖辣椒丝,盐,料酒,糖一汤匙,醋适量,爆炒N<30,加味精。出锅...

 

嗯,香,味道甚好,不过,原来想作姜丝肉,现在吃起来象鱼香肉丝。哈哈。

Live Writer, let's have a try...

This message is writen with Windows Live Writer.

 

Cool   software.

Wednesday, May 16, 2007

No conversations in the Trash. Who needs to delete when you have over 2000 MB of storage?!

I removed all trash mails in my Gmail account, and after that, Google told me as follows,
'No conversations in the Trash. Who needs to delete when you have over 2000 MB of storage?!'

:)

Thursday, December 14, 2006

体内革命

1. 多吃鱼类
2. 浅酌红酒
3. 常用橄榄油
4. 饮酒时佐以鲜奶
5. 少饮茶
6. 不要在早晨跑步
7. 少穿衣服
8. 随时随地休息
9. 随时随地活动

面对命运的态度

命运已经无法改变,可以改变的是面对命运的态度。

Saturday, December 09, 2006

团队

1. 自主性
2. 思考性
3. 合作性

权利的基础

弱:
合法权--组织规定
报酬权--利益诱惑
强制权--惩罚威胁

强:
专家权--专业技能
典范权--人格魅力

优秀管理者的自身特质

1. Intelligence
2. Supervisor Skill
3. Self-assurance
4. Initiative
5. Decisiveness

Friday, December 08, 2006

Reading Material No. 1

In Britain, winter is the season not only for visits to the theatre, opera, concerts and ballet, but also for shopping or for sightseeing.
London, one of the busiest cities in the world, has plenty to offer during the winter months, especially in the way of entertainment - and the shops act like a magnet with their array of presents for the Christmas shopper, followed by large scale bargains in the January sales. But it's not only London that offer value shopping, most of our suburban and provincial centres have just as much to offer to the shopper.
Even if you're based in London, you don't have to spend all your time there - and that goes for all the year round, too. Take a train or coach and see what else Britain has to offer; There are many excursions, even in winter, and among the great country houses which keep their stately front doors open throughout the year are Longleat and WoburnAbbey. Hire a car and drive out into the beauty of the winter landscape, the scenery will be even beautiful and the people will have more time to chat to you at this time of the year.